5-Alpha-reductase inhibitor and benign prostatic hypertrophy; Impact on size
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10246833Keywords:
Alpha Blocker, Benign prostatic Hyperplasia, Prostatic Volume, 5 Alpha Reductase InhibitorAbstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a relatively frequent condition in senior men, particularly those over 50, and is generally defined as a thickening of the prostate gland. Lower urinary tract discomfort might impact 30% of males over the age of 65 in total. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, alpha-blockers, or combination therapy on prostatic size. With this study, one hundred and four patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia have been recruited from a private clinic in Kirkuk City in the period between 2019 and 2021. A radiologist conducted ultrasound assessments to measure the volume of the prostate in centimetres (cm³) both before and, after starting treatment. The follow-up ultrasound was performed two years after initiating the treatment. Prostatic volume has a dramatic decrease in patients on 5 alpha-reductase inhibiter or combination therapy. This change was statistically significant as the p-value was less than 0.05. On the other hand, patients on alpha-blocker therapy have a non-significant decrease in mean prostatic volume. In conclusion, 5 alpha reductase inhibiter when used alone or in combination with alpha blocker agents affects significantly prostatic size.
References
Allkanjari, O. & Vitalone, A. (2015). What do we know about phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia? Life sciences, 126(1), 42-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.023
Anderson, J. B., Roehrborn, C. G., Schalken, J. A. & Emberton, M. (2001). The progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia: examining the evidence and determining the risk. Eur Urol, 39(4), 390-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000052475
Boyle, P., Gould, A. L. & Roehrborn, C. G. (1996). Prostate volume predicts outcome of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with finasteride: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Urology, 48(3), 398-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(96)00353-6
Crawford, E. D., Wilson, S. S., Mcconnell, J. D., Slawin, K. M., Lieber, M. C., Smith, J. A., Meehan, A. G., Bautista, O. M., Noble, W. R., Kusek, J. W., Nyberg, L. M. & Roehrborn, C. G. (2006). Baseline factors as predictors of clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia in men treated with placebo. Journal of Urology, 175(4), 1422-1433. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(05)00708-1
Djavan, B., Chapple, C., Milani, S. & Marberger, M. (2004). State of the art on the efficacy and tolerability of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 64(6), 1081-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2004.07.031
Gacci, M., Corona, G., Vignozzi, L., Salvi, M., Serni, S., De Nunzio, C., Tubaro, A., Oelke, M., Carini, M. & Maggi, M. (2015). Metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic enlargement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU International, 115(1), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.12728
Hellstrom, W. J. & Sikka, S. C. (2006). Effects of acute treatment with tamsulosin versus alfuzosin on ejaculatory function in normal volunteers. Journal of Urology, 176(4 Pt 1), 1529-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.004
Kwon, H., Kang, H. C. & Lee, J. H. (2013). Relationship between predictors of the risk of clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome in men with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology, 81(6), 1325-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2013.01.042
Lee, L. S., Sim, H. G., Lim, K. B., Wang, D. & Foo, K. T. (2010). Intravesical prostatic protrusion predicts clinical progression of benign prostatic enlargement in patients receiving medical treatment. International Journal of Urology, 17(1), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2009.02409.x
Lepor, H. (2016). Alpha-blockers for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Urologic Clinics of North America, 43(3), 311-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2016.04.009
Lewis, A. L., Young, G. J., Abrams, P., Blair, P. S., Chapple, C., Glazener, C. M. A., Horwood, J., Mcgrath, J. S., Noble, S., Taylor, G. T., Ito, H., Belal, M., Davies, M. C., Dickinson, A. J., Foley, C. L., Foley, S., Fulford, S., Gammal, M. M., Garthwaite, M., Harris, M. R. E., Ilie, P. C., Jones, R., Sabbagh, S., Mason, R. G., Mclarty, E., Mishra, V., Mom, J., Morley, R., Natale, S., Nitkunan, T., Page, T., Payne, D., Rashid, T. G., Saeb-Parsy, K., Sandhu, S. S., Simoes, A., Singh, G., Sullivan, M., Tempest, H. V., Viswanath, S., Walker, R. M. H., Lane, J. A. & Drake, M. J. (2019). Clinical and Patient-reported Outcome Measures in Men Referred for Consideration of Surgery to Treat Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Baseline Results and Diagnostic Findings of the Urodynamics for Prostate Surgery Trial; Randomised Evaluation of Assessment Methods (UPSTREAM). European urology focus, 5(3), 340-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2019.04.006
Luo, G. C., Foo, K. T., Kuo, T. & Tan, G. (2013). Diagnosis of prostate adenoma and the relationship between the site of prostate adenoma and bladder outlet obstruction. Singapore Medical Journal, 54(9), 482-6. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2013168
Mcneill, S. A., Hargreave, T. B. & Roehrborn, C. G. (2005). Alfuzosin 10 mg once daily in the management of acute urinary retention: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Urology, 65(1), 83-9; discussion 89-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2004.07.042
Mcvary, K. T., Roehrborn, C. G., Avins, A. L., Barry, M. J., Bruskewitz, R. C., Donnell, R. F., Foster, H. E., Jr., Gonzalez, C. M., Kaplan, S. A., Penson, D. F., Ulchaker, J. C. & Wei, J. T. (2011). Update on AUA guideline on the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Journal of Urology, 185(5), 1793-803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.01.074
Parsons, J. K. (2010). Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Current bladder dysfunction reports, 5(4), 212-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11884-010-0067-2
Patel, N. D. & Parsons, J. K. (2014). Epidemiology and etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder outlet obstruction. Indian Journal of Urology, 30(2), 170-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.126900
Roehrborn, C. G. (2006). Alfuzosin 10 mg once daily prevents overall clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia but not acute urinary retention: results of a 2-year placebo-controlled study. BJU Int, 97(4), 734-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2006.06110.x
Roehrborn, C. G., Boyle, P., Nickel, J. C., Hoefner, K. & Andriole, G. (2002). Efficacy and safety of a dual inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase types 1 and 2 (dutasteride) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology, 60(3), 434-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01905-2
Roehrborn, C. G., Siami, P., Barkin, J., Damião, R., Major-Walker, K., Nandy, I., Morrill, B. B., Gagnier, R. P. & Montorsi, F. (2010). The effects of combination therapy with dutasteride and tamsulosin on clinical outcomes in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: 4-year results from the CombAT study. European Urology, 57(1), 123-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2009.09.035
Vickman, R. E., Franco, O. E., Moline, D. C., Vander Griend, D. J., Thumbikat, P. & Hayward, S. W. (2020). The role of the androgen receptor in prostate development and benign prostatic hyperplasia: A review. Asian journal of urology, 7(3), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajur.2019.10.003
Vuichoud, C. & Loughlin, K. R. (2015). Benign prostatic hyperplasia: epidemiology, economics and evaluation. Canadian Journal of Urology, 22(1), 1-6.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
JWB applies the 