Genetic profiling and detection of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Kirkuk city, Iraq: deciphering viral markers for enhanced diagnosis and insights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10207416Keywords:
HBV, HCV, Acute, Chronic, Interleukin, AFPAbstract
Background: Comprehensive knowledge of the immunology and impact of hepatitis B and C infections, considering primary transmission routes, the most affected populations, and the natural history and temporal progression of serological markers, is crucial for devising informed strategies on whom to test and how to conduct testing. Aim: To contrast immunological and biochemical parameters among HCV and HBV infected patients un Kirkuk city. Materials and methods: From 2017 to 2018, 69 HBV and 51 HCV patients were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in Kirkuk City, alongside a control group of 40 healthy persons. For molecular testing of viral loads, blood samples were collected and IL-2, IL-6, ALT, AST, ALP, and TSH concentrations were determined. Results: Chronic HBV exhibited an even greater viral load (1,672,097 copies/mL) than acute HBV (542,962 copies/mL) in this investigation. Acute HCV, on the other hand, generated the highest ALT levels and had a lower viral load (1,234.3 copies/mL). Cytokine study of acute HBV indicated increasing levels of IL-6 and IL-8, which are indicative of an escalation in inflammation. Furthermore, chronic HBV patients exhibited notably elevated levels of AFP. The association between higher levels of AFP, IL-6, and IL-8 in hepatitis patients is highlighted in this study. Conclusions: In acute HBV and C, elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8 indicate a robust immune response and inflammation of the liver, but increased levels of AFP heighten the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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