Genetic diversity evaluation of Persian honeybees (Apis mellifera meda) in North West of Iran, using microsatellite markers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22120/jwb.2018.86877.1026Keywords:
Apis mellifera meda, microsatellite, Genetic diversity, heterozygosity, northwestern IranAbstract
Using eight microsatellite markers and PCR method, the polymorphisms of three Persian honeybee, Apis mellifera meda, populations in North West of Iran (Ardabil, Azarbaijan-e sharqi and Azarbaijan-e gharbi) investigated and the genetic structure and diversity of populations explored. Total genomic DNA was extracted from thoraces of honeybees. PCR was conducted using eight pairs of microsatellite primers and its products were detected on 4% Nusieve/agarose. In total, seven, five and four microsatellite polymorphic loci were found in Ardabil, A. sharqi and A. gharbi populations, respectively and 42 alleles observed in 30 analyzed samples. A. sh honeybees showed high level of heterozygosity (0.563) and the lowest estimate was 0.438 for A. gh honeybees. Among three studied populations, Ardabil bees were containing maximum private alleles (17 alleles). Maximum genetic resemblance report was between Ardabil and A. sh corresponding to their geographical vicinity. In total, we detected low genetic divergence among honeybee populations of Iranian North West inferred from estimated total FST.
References
Aflakian N., Houshmand M., Sharma S., Bamezai R.N.K. 2007a. Database: Maternal genepool of Arab population of Iran. from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), GenBank: EU239582-EU239560. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Aflakian N., Houshmand M., Sharma S., Bamezai R.N.K. 2007b. Database: Maternal genepool of Phars population of Iran. from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), GenBank: EU239536-EU239655. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Al-Zahery N., Saunier J., Ellingson K., Parson W., Parsons T., Irwin J. 2013. Characterization of mitochondrial DNA control region lineages in Iraq.International Journal of Legal Medicine 127(2): 373-375.
Alhamlan F.S. 2007. Evidence for genetic differences in the Africanized honeybee populations of south and north America. M.Sc thesis, Washington State University, Washington.
Bodur, C. 2005. Genetic structure analysis of honeybee populations based on microsatellitesPh.D Thesis, Middle East Technical University Ankara.
Bois, T. 1966. The Kurds. Beirut: Khayats.
Cardoso S., Valverde L., Alfonso-Sánchez M.A., Palencia-Madrid L., Elcoroaristizabal X., Algorta J., Catarino S., Arteta D., Herrera R.J., Zarrabeitia M.T. 2013. The expanded mtDNA phylogeny of the Franco-Cantabrian region upholds the pre-neolithic genetic substrate of Basques. PloS one8(7): e67835.
DelaRua P., Galian J., Serrano J., Moritz R.F.A. 2002. Microsatellite analysis of non-migratory colonies of Apis mellifera iberica from south-eastern Spain. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research40: 164-168.
Estoup A., Garnery L., Solignac M., Cornuet J.M. 1995. Microsatellite variation in (Apis mellifera L.) populations: hierarchical genetic structure and test of the infinite allele and stepwise mutation models. Genetics 140: 679-695.
Franck P., Garnery L., Loiseau A., Oldroyd B.P., Hepburn H.R., Solignac M., Cornuet J.M. 2001. Genetic diversity of the honeybee in Africa: microsatellite and mitochondrial data. Heredity 86: 420-430.
Franck P., Garnery L., Solignac M., Cornuet, J.M. 2000. Molecular confirmation of a fourth lineage in honeybees from the near east. Apidologie31: 167-180.
Fraumene C., Belle E.M., Castrì L., Sanna S., Mancosu G., Cosso M., Marras F., Barbujani G., Pirastu M., Angius A. 2006. High resolution analysis and phylogenetic network construction using complete mtDNA sequences in Sardinian genetic isolates. Molecular biology and evolution 23(11): 2101-2111.
Ghassemi-Khademi T. 2017. Taxonomy and comarative biology of world and Iranian honey bees (Volume 1). ACECR Publicatin, 400 Pages.
Hunt G.J., Page R.E. 1995. Linkage map of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, based on RAPD markers. Genetics139: 1371-1382.
Irwin J.A., Ikramov A., Saunier J., Bodner M., Amory S., Röck A., O’Callaghan J., Nuritdinov A., Atakhodjaev S., Mukhamedov R. 2010. The mtDNA composition of Uzbekistan: a microcosm of Central Asian patterns. International Journal of Legal Medicine124(3): 195-204.
Kruskal J.B. 1964. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: a numerical method. Psychometrika 29(2): 115-129.
Kumar S., Nei M., Dudley J., Tamura K. 2008. MEGA: a biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences. Briefings in bioinformatics9(4): 299-306.
Malyarchuk B., Derenko M., Denisova G., Kravtsova O. 2010. Mitogenomic diversity in Tatars from the Volga-Ural region of Russia. Molecular biology and evolution27(10): 2220-2226.
Mielnik-Sikorska M., Daca P., Malyarchuk B., Derenko M., Skonieczna K., Perkova M., Dobosz T., Grzybowski T. 2013. The history of Slavs inferred from complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Plos one8(1): e54360.
Nasidze I., Quinque D., Ozturk M., Bendukidze N., Stoneking, M. 2005. MtDNA and Y‐chromosome variation in Kurdish groups. Annals of human genetics69(4): 401-412.
Quintana-Murci L., Chaix R., Wells R.S., Behar D.M., Sayar H., Scozzari R., Rengo C., Al-Zahery N., Semino O., Santachiara-Benerecetti A.S. 2004. Where west meets east: the complex mtDNA landscape of the southwest and Central Asian corridor. The American Journal of Human Genetics 74(5): 827-845.
Rahimi A., Mirmoayedi A., Kahrizi D., Abdolshahi R., Kazemi E., Yari K. 2014. Microsatellite genetic diversity of Apis mellifera meda skorikov. Molecular Biology Reports DOI 10.1007/s11033-014-3667-7.
Renfrew C. 1991. Before Babel: speculations on the origins of linguistic diversity. Cambridge Archaeological Journal1(01): 3-23.
Peakall R., Smouse P.E. 2006. GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecular Ecology Notes 6: 288-295.
Rowe D.J., Rinderer T.E., Stelzer J.A., Oldroyd B.P., Crozier R.H. 1997. Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci in honeybees (Apis mellifera). Insectes Sociaux 44: 85-93.
Ruttner F. 1988. Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Ruttner F., Pourasghar D., Kauhausen D. 1985. Honeybees of Iran, Apis mellifera meda Skorikow., the Persian bee. Apidologie16(3): 241-264.
Shaibi T., Moritz R.F.A. 2010. 10,000 years in isolation? Honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Saharan oases. Conservation Genetics 11: 2085-2089.
Sharma V., Singh L., Thangaraj K., Nandan A., Sharma,V.K. 2010. Database: Phylogenomic study of a concealed Ladakh tribe of the Great Himalayas. from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), GenBank: HM036578-HM036529. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.
StatSoft I. 2011. STATISTICA, ver. 10: StatSoft.
Tajima F. 1989. Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics 123(3): 585-595.
Techer M.A., Clemencet J., Simiand C., Portlouis G., Reynaud B., Delatte H. 2015. Genetic diversity of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in the Seychelles archipelago. Insect Conservation and Diversity 1: 14. doi: 10.1111/icad.12138.
Ting J., Ling Y., Min L., Wen-bin B., Guo-hong C. 2008. Study on genetic diversity of Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica in china with microsatellite markers. Research Journal of Animal Sciences 2(6): 178-182.
Van-Oven M., Kayser M. 2009. Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation30(2): E386-E394. http://www.phylotree.org/.
JWB applies the 