Forthcoming

GIS-based spatial distribution of potable water quality analysis of drinking water in District Kasur

Authors

  • Rabia Riaz Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Syed Mohsin Bukhari University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
  • Shlahla Andleeb Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, GC Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
  • Zarnain Rana Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Iqra Younus Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Abid Hussain Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Azad Jammu and Kashmir University of Bhimber-10040-AJK Pakistan
  • Nimra Nayyab Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Hadia Aslam Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Zoya Arif Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Hamad Latif Intitute of Forest Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  • Mohammad Y. Alshahrani Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

Keywords:

GIS mapping, Potable water, Physiochemical analysis, Spatial trends, Risk Zone

Abstract

The present study was carried out to evaluate the potable water quality of the district of Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, 100 water samples were collected in sterilized bottles (1000 ml) by using Global Positioning System (GPS) essentials from Kasur, Chunian, Pattoki, and Kot Radha Kishan of District Kasur Punjab, Pakistan. The water samples were immediately subjected to both physicochemical analysis and bacteriological examination of Klebsiella, E.coli, and Shigella. The data of all the tested samples indicated that pH examined from 6.52- 8.9, Electrical Conductivity (EC) from 600-4030μS/cm, Biochemical Oxygen Dissolve (BOD) from 1.2-3.4 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) from 170- 3070 ppm, Dissolve Oxygen (DO) from 4.56-7.9 mg/L, Cl from 100-480 mg/L and Temperature (T) from 23.5-25.5°C. These parameters exceeded the permissible limits for drinking water set by WHO and PSQCA. Colony Forming Unit (CFU) was found by using the Total Viable Count Method, which was found to be higher in Chunian at 3.800cfu/uL. The prevalence of isolated bacteria such as Klebsiella, E.coli, and Shigella was also recorded in 76 water samples by performing different biochemical tests. The conclusion revealed that the physiochemical and bacteriological quality of the water in these regions cannot be considered of good quality as it is highly turbid and unsafe for drinking purposes. Therefore, the water management committee must collaborate with other stakeholders to ensure proper purification and treatment of domestic water sources, underscoring the importance of collective action.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the potable water quality of the district of Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, 100 water samples were collected in sterilized bottles (1000 ml) by using Global Positioning System (GPS) essentials from Kasur, Chunian, Pattoki, and Kot Radha Kishan of District Kasur Punjab, Pakistan. The water samples were immediately subjected to both physicochemical analysis and bacteriological examination of Klebsiella, E.coli, and Shigella. The data of all the tested samples indicated that pH examined from 6.52- 8.9, Electrical Conductivity (EC) from 600-4030μS/cm, Biochemical Oxygen Dissolve (BOD) from 1.2-3.4 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) from 170- 3070 ppm, Dissolve Oxygen (DO) from 4.56-7.9 mg/L, Cl from 100-480 mg/L and Temperature (T) from 23.5-25.5°C. These parameters exceeded the permissible limits for drinking water set by WHO and PSQCA. Colony Forming Unit (CFU) was found by using the Total Viable Count Method, which was found to be higher in Chunian at 3.800cfu/uL. The prevalence of isolated bacteria such as Klebsiella, E.coli, and Shigella was also recorded in 76 water samples by performing different biochemical tests. The conclusion revealed that the physiochemical and bacteriological quality of the water in these regions cannot be considered of good quality as it is highly turbid and unsafe for drinking purposes. Therefore, the water management committee must collaborate with other stakeholders to ensure proper purification and treatment of domestic water sources, underscoring the importance of collective action.

References

Abada, E., Al-Fifi, Z., Al-Rajab, A. J., Mahdhi, M., & Sharma, M. (2019). Molecular identification of biological contaminants in different drinking water resources of the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Water and Health, 17(4), 622-632. *https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.019

Abbas, M., & Cheema, K. J. (2015). Arsenic levels in drinking water and associated health risk in district Sheikhupura, Pakistan. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 25(3), 719-724.

Ahmad, M., Jamal, A., Tang, X. W., Al-Sughaiyer, M. A., Al-Ahmadi, H. M., & Ahmad, F. (2020). Assessing potable water quality and identifying areas of waterborne diarrheal and fluorosis health risks using spatial interpolation in Peshawar, Pakistan. Water, 12(8), 2163-2177. *https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082163

Bareen, F. E., & Tahira, S. A. (2011). Metal accumulation potential of wild plants in tannery effluent contaminated soil of Kasur, Pakistan: field trials for toxic metal cleanup using Suaeda fruticosa. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(1), 443-450. *https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.022

Batool, S. S., Abbas, A., Hussain, I., Wahab, A., Shafique, A., & Zaheer, M. (2019). Bacteriological and physicochemical analysis of groundwater of Kasur. International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology, 1(04), 151-167. *https://doi.org/10.33411/IJIST/20190104090

Dietrich, A. M., & Devesa, R. (2019). Characterization and removal of minerals that cause taste. In Taste and odour in source and drinking water: causes, controls, and consequences (pp. 113-142). London, England: IWA Publishing.

Farooq, S., Hashmi, I., Qazi, I. A., Qaiser, S., & Rasheed, S. (2008). Monitoring of coliforms and chlorine residual in water distribution network of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 140, 339-347. *https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9872-2

Fatima, A., Urooj, S., Mirani, Z. A., Abbas, T., & Khan, M. N. (2021). Fecal coliform contamination of drinking water in Karachi, Pakistan. PSM Microbiology, 6(2), 42-48.

Fazal-ur-Rehman, M., & Haider, H. Z. (2018). Estimation of chloride hardness in drinking water in University of Education, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. Chemical Sciences Journal, 9(1), 2-5. *https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3494.1000179

Fida, M., Li, P., Wang, Y., Alam, S. K., & Nsabimana, A. (2023). Water contamination and human health risks in Pakistan: a review. Exposure and Health, 15(3), 619-639. *https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-022-00512-1

Haider, S. W., Kazmi, S. J. H., Arsalan, M., Naseem, S., & Kanwal, H. (2022). Spatial evaluation of precipitation patterns in the catchment area of Malir River during monsoon spells of 2019 through geospatial techniques. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(17), 1435-1640. *https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10574-9

Hashmi, I., Farooq, S., & Qaiser, S. (2009). Chlorination and water quality monitoring within a public drinking water supply in Rawalpindi Cantt (Westridge and Tench) area, Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 158, 393-403. *https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0592-z

Islam, S., Begum, H. A., & Nili, N. Y. (2010). Bacteriological safety assessment of municipal tap water and quality of bottle water in Dhaka city: health hazard analysis. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, 4(1), 9-13.

Khalid, S., Shahid, M., Natasha, Bibi, I., Sarwar, T., Shah, A. H., & Niazi, N. K. (2018). A review of environmental contamination and health risk assessment of wastewater use for crop irrigation with a focus on low and high-income countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), 895-931. *https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050895

Khatun, M. K., Nahar, K., Alauddin, J., & Al-Reza, S. M. (2022). Assessment of drinking water quality using physico-chemical parameters around Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh. International Journal of Science and Research, 6(2), 01-05. *https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.6.2.0141

Kumar, L., Kumari, R., Kumar, A., Tunio, I. A., & Sassanelli, C. (2023). Water quality assessment and monitoring in Pakistan: A comprehensive review. Sustainability, 15(7), 6246. *https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076246

Rasheed, H., Altaf, F., Anwaar, K., & Ashraf, M. (2021). Drinking water quality in Pakistan: current status and challenges. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Islamabad, pp. 141.

Reddy, A. G. S. (2023). A review on violation of drinking water specifications in water supply and research publications. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(2), 1084-1100. *https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-02038-z

Shafqat, M., Batool, A., Kazmi, S. S., Imad, S., Ghufran, M., & Samad, N. (2018). Drinking water quality, water distribution systems and human health: a microbial evaluation of drinking water sources in salt range, International Journal of Hydrology, 2, 542-547. *https://doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2018.02.00123

Sohail, M. T., Mahfooz, Y., Aftab, R., Yen, Y., Talib, M. A., & Rasool, A. (2020). Water quality and health risk of public drinking water sources: a study of filtration plants installed in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Desalination and Water Treat, 181, 239-250. *https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25119

World Health Organization. (2010). Hardness in drinking-water: background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. World Health Organization.

Downloads

Published

2024-09-22

How to Cite

Riaz, R., Syed Mohsin Bukhari, Andleeb, S., Rana, Z., Younus, I., Hussain, A., Nayyab, N., Aslam, H., Arif, Z., Latif, H., & Alshahrani, M. Y. (2024). GIS-based spatial distribution of potable water quality analysis of drinking water in District Kasur. Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity, 9(X). Retrieved from https://wildlife-biodiversity.com/index.php/jwb/article/view/756

Issue

Vol. 9 No. X (2025): Articles in Press

Section

Original Article

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.