Promoting Sustainable Aquaculture and Biodiversity Conservation: The role of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) in bone mineralization and amino acid composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings

Abstract

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing industry that faces the challenge of providing sustainable, cost-effective, and nutritious feed to meet the increasing global demand for fish protein. Traditionally, fishmeal has been the primary source of protein in aquafeeds; however, concerns about its environmental impact and price volatility have led to the exploration of alternative protein sources. This study investigates the potential of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal as a sustainable protein source for Labeo rohita fingerlings, with a focus on its effects on bone mineralization and amino acid composition. The research was conducted under semi-controlled laboratory conditions, with Labeo rohita fingerlings fed diets containing varying levels of mealworm meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) as a replacement for fishmeal. Bone mineralization was assessed by measuring calcium, iron, and phosphorus content, while amino acid composition was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results demonstrated that the inclusion of mealworm meal positively influenced bone mineralization, with moderate inclusion (50% and 75%) showing the most significant effects on calcium, iron, and phosphorus levels. The amino acid profile also improved, with increased concentrations of essential amino acids, particularly lysine, methionine, and threonine, at the 50% mealworm inclusion level. This study highlights the potential of mealworm meal as an alternative protein source in aquafeeds, offering benefits not only for fish health and growth but also for sustainability in aquaculture. The results suggest that mealworm meal could replace fishmeal in aquafeeds without compromising the nutritional value of Labeo rohita. Future research should focus on optimizing mealworm inclusion levels, assessing the long-term impacts on fish health, and exploring its economic feasibility for large-scale aquaculture.