Structure and dynamics of the flora of protected areas (on the example of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, European Russia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11530923Keywords:
biodiversity, Republic of Mordovia, rare species, vascular plantsAbstract
Our research, which has yielded unique findings, is dedicated to the study of the dynamics of the number of flora species in a forest-protected area (Mordovia State Nature Reserve, European Russia) for the period 1936-2023. During this period, there was an increase in the number of species of both native (from 525 to 695 species) and alien (from 38 to 174 species) flora. Based on the above data, we conclude that the composition of the native flora of the MSNR is more than 99% identified. In the first years of the flora inventory, about 70% of the native flora is identified. The spectrum of families of the native flora of the MSNR has changed little over time. After the first inventory, the number of families in the flora does not add up to much (78 in 1936, 87 in 2023). There is mainly an increase in the number of identified genera in already known families and species within identified genera. In the spectrum of families of alien flora there are constant changes, new genera from different families, species within genera are added. The floristic data analysis revealed that the natural flora exhibited characteristics of a forest, despite the presence of a forest-steppe zone adjacent to the southern border of the MSNR. The primary indicators of systematic structure, composition of life forms, and ranges of species of native flora collectively indicate that the Mordovia State Nature Reserve forest area is situated within the natural zone of mixed (coniferous-broadleaved) forests. A comparison of long-term data from the MSNR flora study revealed that the process of formation of the alien flora of the MSNR, its structure, and chorological groups has not been completed yet. It will continue until the cultivation of plants from different continents and natural areas in protected areas is banned.
References
Amiri, M. S., Mehrvarz Sh. S., Memariani F., & Joharchi, M. R. (2022). Vascular flora of Zarrin-Kuh Protected Area in Central Kopet Dagh Mountains, NE Iran: An annotated checklist. Phytotaxa, 574(1), 32–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.1.2
Borodina, N. V., Dolmatova, N. V., Sanaeva, L. V., & Tereshkin, I. S. (1987). Vascular plants of the Mordovia Nature Reserve. VINITI.
Ershkova, E. V., & Sosnina, M. V. (2019). New data on the alien plants of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve. Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 23, 78–85.
Ershkova, E. V., Esina I. G., & Khapugin A. A. (2023). Floristic records in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve (European Russia) made in 2022. Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 32, 141–158. https://dx.doi.org/10.24412/cl-31646-2686-7117-2023-32-141-158
Esina, I. G. (2023). Nurseries of Woody Introducents in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve: a Hidden Center of Plant Invasions in Protected Area. Field Biologist Journal, 5(3), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.52575/2712-9047-2023-5-3-281-290
Esina, I. G., & Ershkova, E. V. (2021). Additions to the alien flora of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve (Russia). Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 27, 245–261.
Esina, I. G., Khapugin A. A., & Ershkova, E. V. (2022). Alien flora of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Russia. Phytodiversity of Eastern Europe, 16(1), 5–60. https://dx.doi.org/10.24412/2072-8816-2022-16-1-5-60
Esina, I. G., Khapugin A. A., Esin, M. N., & Popov, S. Yu. 2021a. New data about vascular plants of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve (Russia). Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 27, 15–38.
Esina, I. G., Khapugin, A. A., Esin, M. N., Sinichkina, A. D., & Silaeva, T. B. 2021b. Additions to the flora of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia // Contribuţii Botanice, 56, 59–64. https://dx.doi.org/10.24193/Contrib.Bot.56.6
Gamova, N. S. (2022). Baikalsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve and its buffer zone: floristic data. Biodiversity Data Journal, 10, e76946. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76946
Gamova, N. S., & Korotkov, Yu. N. (2024). Floristic records from the Baikalsky State Reserve and Southern Baikal region. Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 34, 23–44. https://dx.doi.org/10.24412/cl-31646-2686-7117-2024-34-23-44
Gafurova, М. М. (2014). Vascular plants of the Chyuvashian Republic / Flora of the Volga river basin. Vol. III. Kassandra.
Gaston, K. J., Jackson, S. F., Cantú-Salazar, L., & Cruz-Piñón, G. 2008. The ecological performance of protected areas. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 39, 93–113.
Kazakova, М. V. (2004). Flora of the Ryazan Region. Russkoe Slovo.
Kearney, S. G., Adams, V. M., Fuller, R. A., Possingham, H. P., & Watson J. E. M. 2020. Estimating the benefit of well-managed protected areas for threatened species conservation // Oryx, 54(2), 276–284. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605317001739
Khapugin, A. A., Silaeva, T. B., Zavarykina, A. V., Tyapukhina, M. A., Guryanova, A. S., Kalinkina, A. V., Kochetkova, A. N., Kachanova, K. V., Pismarkina, E. V., Konusova, D. A., Shlyapkina, V. I., Fedasheva, E. S., Burdina, E. S., Mukletsova, N. S., Pankova, E. S., Lukiyanov, S. V., Esina, I. G., Artyushkina, A. A., Ermoshkina, E. V., Krygina, M. A., Timofeeva, A. A., … Boriskina, N. S. (2021a). Additions to the flora of certain administrative districts of the Republic of Mordovia: a contribution of citizen science. Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 26, 26–72.
Khapugin, A. A., Еsina, I. G., & Silaeva, T. B. (2023). Updated list of alien plant species in the Republic of Mordovia: the path from 2010 to 2023. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 14, 446–456. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111723030098
Khapugin, A. A., & Silaeva, T. B. (2020). The arrangement of threatened plants in Mordovia: the role of biodiversity research centers. Écoscience, 27(3), 157–164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2020.1753293
Khapugin, A. A., Vargot, E. V., & Chugunov, G. G. (2012). Additions to the flora of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve. Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 10, 361–364.
Khapugin, A. A., Vargot, E. V., Chugunov, G. G., & Dementeva, A. E. 2013. Additions and Notes to the Alien Flora of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 4(3), 200–207. https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S2075111713030041
Kuznetsov, N. I. (1960). Vegetation of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve. Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 1, 129–220.
List of plant objects listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation: Order of
the Ministry of Natural Resources No. 320 dated May 23, 2023. http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202307210008
Maevskii, P. F. (2014). Flora of Middle belt of the European part of Russia. KMK.
Mendoza-Fernández, A. J., Martínez-Hernández, F., Pérez-García, F. J., Salmerón-Sánchez, E., Garrido-Becerra, J. A., Merlo, M. E., & Mota, J. F. (2014). Network of Protected Natural Areas and Endangered Flora in Andalusia (Spain). Plant Sociology, 51(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.7338/pls2014511/03
Mil’kov, F. N. (1953). Middle Volga Region. Physical-geographical desacription. Publishing House of the Academy of Science of the USSR.
Pospelova, E. B., & Pospelov, I. N. (2016). Changes in the vascular flora of Khatanga village and its surrounding area, Taimyrsky Biosphere Reserve, over a long period. Nature Conservation Research, 1(2), 59–78. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2016.017
POWO. Plants of the World Online, 2024. (http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org). Accessed on 14.05.2024
Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plant and statistical plant geography. Clarendon Press.
Red Data Book of the Republic of Mordovia: in 2 vol. Vol. 1: Rare species of plants and fungi. 2nd edition. Publisher of the Mordovia State University, 2017.
Reshetnikova, N. M., Mayorov, S. R., Skvortsov, A. K., Krylov, A. V., Voronkina, N. V., Popchenko, M. I., & Shmytov, A. A. 2010. Flora of the Kaluga: an annotated list of plants of Kaluga region. Moscow. 548 p.
Saberamoli, S., Asri, Y., Mozaffarian, V., Balali, G., Afsharzadeh, S., & Esmaili, R. (2021). Chorological and Endemism Analysis of the Central Alborz Protected Area Flora (Slopes of Welwesht, Dahla, and Azadkouh). Journal of Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 13, 1, 46, 3. https://doi.org/10.22108/TBJ.2021.127640.1155
Sennikov, A. N., Silaeva T. B., & Khapugin, A. A. (2012). A synopsis of the genus Hieracium (Asteraceae) in the Republic of Mordovia. Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series, 117(6), 77–78.
Seregin, A. P. (2012). New flora of the Meshchera National Park (Vladimir Oblast, Russia): Checklist, distribution atlas, peculiarities, and distributional changes in species over the last decade (2002–2012). ASTRA.
Shmidt, V. М. (1984). Mathematical methods in botany. Publishing House of the Leningrad University.
Silaeva, T. B., Kiryukhin, I. V., Chugunov, G. G., Levin, V. K., Mayorov, S. R., Pismarkina, E. V., Ageeva, A. M., & Vargot, E.V. (2010). Vascular plants of the Republic of Mordovia (synopsis of flora). Publisher of the Mordovia State University.
Sosnina, M. V., Popov, S. Y., Makukha, Y. A. (2019). Records of new and rare vascular plant species in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve. Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 23, 245–249.
Tereshkina, L. V. (2000). Additions to the vascular plant flora of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve (pp. 214–218). Role of Protected Areas in biodiversity conservation. Fort-Dialog.
Tereshkina, L. V. (2006). Changes in and additions to the database of the flora of the Morodovia State Nature Reserve. Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 7, 180–185.
Tereshkina, O. V., Ruchin, A. B., Khapugin, A. A., Grishutkin, O. G., Grishutkin, G. F., Ershkova, E. V., Tereshkin, S. A., & Esin, M. N. (2020). Mordovia State Nature Reserve: 85-years’ history of nature research and conservation. Biodiversity and Environment of Protected Area, 3, 41–125. https://doi.org/10.25808/26186764.2020.99.66.004
Thiers, B. (2022). Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/
Tsinger, O. Ya. (1966). Additions and clarifications to the flora of the Mordovian Nature Reserve. Proceedings of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, 3, 230–233.
Tzonev, R. T., Baleva, R. G. & Purvanov, I. P. (2019). Flora, vegetation and habitats of Kayluka Protected Area. Annual of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. Faculty of Biology. Book 2 – Botany, 103, 69–89. https://doi.org/10.60066/GSU.BIOFAC.Bot.103.69-89
Vargot, E. V., Khapugin, A. A., Chugunov, G. G., & Grishutkin, O. G. (2016). Vascular plants of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve (an annotated species list). Commission of RAS on biodiversity conservation; IPEE RAS.
Vasjukov, V. M., & Saksonov, S.V. (2020). Check-list of the flora of Penza region / Flora of the Volga river basin. Vol. IV; editor prof. S. V. Saksonov. Anna.
Verkhozina, A. V., Anisimov, A. V., Beshko, N. Yu., Biryukov, R. Yu., Bondareva, V. V., Chernykh, D. V., Dorofeev, N. V., Dorofeyev, V. I., Ebel, A. L., Efremov, A. N., Erst, A. S., Esanov, H. K., Esina, I. G., Fateryga, A. V., Fateryga, V. V., Fomenko, V. A., Gamova, N. S., Gaziev, A. D., Glazunov, V. A., Grabovskaya-Borodina, A. E., … Krivenko, D. A. (2022). Findings to the flora of Russia and adjacent countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 4. Botanica Pacifica, 11(1), 129–157. https://dx.doi.org/10.17581/bp.2022.11116
Verkhozina, A. V., Agafonov, V. A., Ageeva, A. M., Beshko, N. Yu., Biryukov, R. Yu., Bondareva, V. V., Bykov, N. I., Chernykh, D. V., Chimitov, D. G., Ebel, A. L., Ebel, T. V., Efremov, A. N., Ershkova, E. V., Esina, I. G., Fateryga, A. V., Fateryga, V. V., Gaziev, A. D., Glazunov, V. A., Hoshimov, H. R., Ibragimov, A. J., … Krivenko D. A. (2024). Findings to the flora of Russia and adjacent countries: New national and regional vascular plant records, 5. Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation, 13(1), 67–92. https://dx.doi.org/10.17581/bp.2024.13114
JWB applies the 