Environmental vulnerability to flooding and Habitat suitability mapping of Gazella marica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10207060Keywords:
Mond Protected Area, Gazella marica, MaxEnt, Flood Inundation Mapping, HEC-RASAbstract
Floods are one of the catastrophic natural disasters that have threatened human society and biodiversity throughout history. This is particularly so in coastal habitats such as the Mond Protected Area of Iran, and is one of the principal factors endangering Arabian sand gazelle in this area. The Arabian sand gazelle is considered as an independent species in Iran and The Mond Protected Area is its only habitat in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of the habitat and identify the flood-prone areas of Mand protected area. Using the maximum entropy method and MaxEnt software, a habitat suitability map was prepared. In order to study the impacts of Mond River flooding on gazelle habitats within the Mond Protected Area and provide 25 to 500-year return period flood inundation maps, a two-dimensional HEC-RAS model was developed. After mixing the flood inundation maps with the suitability map, it was determined that significant parts of the center and west sections of the study area are prone to devastating floods. Generally, in this study, we have determined by using flood zoning technique in areas that are likely to be affected by floods, which is very effective in managing floodplain areas and controlling floods to reduce flood damage to the only sand gazelle's habitat in Iran.
References
Alho, C. J., & Silva, J. S. (2012). Effects of severe floods and droughts on wildlife of the Pantanal wetland (Brazil)—a review. Animals, 2(4), 591-610.
Almasieh, K., Mohammadi, A., & Alvandi, R. (2022). Identifying core habitats and corridors of a near threatened carnivore, striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) in southwestern Iran. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 3425.
Ara, S. R., Ashrafi, S., Zarrintab, R. G. M., & Esfandeh, N. A. S. (2022). Climate Change and Its Impact on Brown Bear Distribution in Iran. Journal of Zoological Research| Volume, 4(01).
Arash, A. M., Yasi, M., & Azizian, A. (2020). Accuracy assessment of RS-based DEMs in flood inundation mapping of different morphological types of rivers. Journal of Hydraulics, 15(3), 15-31.
Ascensão, F., Fahrig, L., Clevenger, A. P., Corlett, R. T., Jaeger, J. A., Laurance, W. F., & Pereira, H. M. (2018). Environmental challenges for the Belt and Road Initiative. Nature Sustainability, 1(5), 206-209.
Ashrafzadeh, M. R., Shahbazinasab, K., Mohammadi, A., & Penteriani, V. (2023). Determining the distribution factors of an endangered large carnivore: A case study of the brown bear Ursus arctos population in the Central Zagros Mountains, Southwest Iran. Global Ecology and Conservation, 46, e02590.
Baldwin, R. A. (2009). Use of maximum entropy modeling in wildlife research. Entropy, 11(4), 854-866.
Barrientos, R., Ascensão, F., D’Amico, M., Grilo, C., & Pereira, H. M. (2021). The lost road: Do transportation networks imperil wildlife population persistence? Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 19(4), 411-416.
Bayani, N. (2016). Ecology and environmental challenges of the Persian Gulf. Iranian Studies, 49(6), 1047-1063.
Booth, G. D., Niccolucci, M. J., & Schuster, E. G. (1994). Identifying proxy sets in multiple linear regression: an aid to better coefficient interpretation. Research paper INT (USA).
Boudaghpour, S., Bagheri, M., & Bagheri, Z. (2015). Estimation of flood environmental effects using flood zone mapping techniques in Halilrood Kerman, Iran. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 40(3), 659-675.
Brown, J. L. (2014). SDM toolbox: a python‐based GIS toolkit for landscape genetic, biogeographic and species distribution model analyses. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5(7), 694-700.
Brunner, G. W. (2016). HEC-RAS river analysis system 2D modeling user’s manual. US Army Corps of Engineers—Hydrologic Engineering Center, 1-171.
Bryant, M. (1981). The (Persian) Gulf: Pollution and Development. Environmental Conservation, 8(1), 44-44.
Byeon, D.-h., Jung, S., & Lee, W.-H. (2018). Review of CLIMEX and MaxEnt for studying species distribution in South Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 11(3), 325-333.
Ecosystem Based Adaptation. (IUCN).
Enari, H., & Sakamaki, H. (2012). Landscape-scale evaluation of habitat uses by sympatric mammals foraging for bark and buds in a heavy snowfall area of northern Japan. Acta Theriologica, 57(2), 173-183.
Fadakar, D., Raam, M., Lerp, H., Ostovar, A., Rezaei, H. R., & Bärmann, E. V. (2021). Gazella arabica dareshurii: a remarkable relict population on Farur Island, Iran. BMC Ecology and Evolution, 21(1), 1-15.
Farhadinia, M. S., Esfandabad, B. S., Karami, M., Hosseini-Zavarei, F., Absalan, H., & Nezami, B. (2009). Goitered Gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa: its habitat preference and conservation needs in Miandasht Wildlife Refuge, north-eastern Iran (Mammalia: Artiodactyla). Zoology in the middle east, 46(1), 9-18.
Gandhi, K. J., Gilmore, D. W., Katovich, S. A., Mattson, W. J., Spence, J. R., & Seybold, S. J. (2007). Physical effects of weather events on the abundance and diversity of insects in North American forests. Environmental Reviews, 15(NA), 113-152.
Hameed, S., Din, J. U., Ali, H., Kabir, M., Younas, M., Ur Rehman, E., . . . Nawaz, M. A. (2020). Identifying priority landscapes for conservation of snow leopards in Pakistan. PloS One, 15(11), e0228832.
Hemami, M. R., Khosravi, R., Groves, C., & Ahmadi, M. (2020). Morphological diversity and ecological niche divergence in goitered and sand gazelles. Ecology and evolution, 10(20), 11535-11548.
Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G., & Jarvis, A. (2005). Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 25(15), 1965-1978.
Hosseini‐Zavarei, F., Farhadinia, M., Beheshti‐Zavareh, M., & Abdoli, A. (2013). Predation by grey wolf on wild ungulates and livestock in central I ran. Journal of Zoology, 290(2), 127-134.
Hu, J., & Jiang, Z. (2010). Predicting the potential distribution of the endangered Przewalski's gazelle. Journal of Zoology, 282(1), 54-63.
IUCN. (2017, 2017). The IUCN red list of threatened species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
IWRMC. (2021). Surface-water data for Iran rivers. Retrieved from http://www.wrm.ir
Kabir, M., Hameed, S., Ali, H., Bosso, L., Din, J. U., Bischof, R., . . . Nawaz, M. A. (2017). Habitat suitability and movement corridors of grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Northern Pakistan. PloS One, 12(11), e0187027.
Khattak, R. H., Teng, L., Ahmad, S., Bari, F., Rehman, E. U., Shah, A. A., & Liu, Z. (2022). In Pursuit of New Spaces for Threatened Mammals: Assessing Habitat Suitability for Kashmir Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmeriensis) in the Hindukush Range. Sustainability, 14(3), 1544.
Khosravi, R., HEMAMI, M. R., Malekian, M., FLINT, A., & FLINT, L. (2016). Maxent modeling for predicting potential distribution of goitered gazelle in central Iran: the effect of extent and grain size on performance of the model. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40(4), 574-585.
Klemas, V. (2015). Remote sensing of floods and flood-prone areas: An overview. Journal of Coastal Research, 31(4), 1005-1013.
Kozlowski, T. T. (2002). Physiological-ecological impacts of flooding on riparian forest ecosystems. Wetlands, 22(3), 550-561.
Laurance, W. F., Clements, G. R., Sloan, S., O’connell, C. S., Mueller, N. D., Goosem, M., . . . Balmford, A. (2014). A global strategy for road building. Nature, 513(7517), 229-232.
Lugeri, N., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Genovese, E., Hochrainer, S., & Radziejewski, M. (2010). River flood risk and adaptation in Europe—assessment of the present status. Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change, 15(7), 621-639.
Mallon, D., & Kingswood, S. (2019). Antelopes Part 4: north african the middle east and asia.
Mamede, S. B., & Alho, C. J. R. (2006). Response of wild mammals to seasonal shrinking-and-expansion of habitats due to flooding regime of the Pantanal, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 66, 991-998.
Maron, M., McAlpine, C. A., Watson, J. E., Maxwell, S., & Barnard, P. (2015). Climate‐induced resource bottlenecks exacerbate species vulnerability: a review. Diversity and Distributions, 21(7), 731-743.
Matawa, F., Murwira, A., & Schmidt, K. S. (2012). Explaining elephant (Loxodonta africana) and buffalo (Syncerus caffer) spatial distribution in the Zambezi Valley using maximum entropy modelling. Ecological modelling, 242, 189-197.
Matyukhina, D., Miquelle, D., Murzin, A., Pikunov, D., Fomenko, P., Aramilev, V., . . . Nikolaev, I. (2014). Assessing the influence of environmental parameters on Amur Tiger distribution in the Russian Far East Using a MaxEnt modeling approach. Achievements in the Life Sciences, 8(2), 95-100.
Mehrabian, A., Naqinezhad, A., Mahiny, A. S., Mostafavi, H., Liaghati, H., & Kouchekzadeh, M. (2009). Vegetation mapping of the Mond protected area of Bushehr province (south‐west Iran). Journal of integrative plant biology, 51(3), 251-260.
Mihu-Pintilie, A., Cîmpianu, C. I., Stoleriu, C. C., Pérez, M. N., & Paveluc, L. E. (2019). Using high-density LiDAR data and 2D streamflow hydraulic modeling to improve urban flood hazard maps: A HEC-RAS multi-scenario approach. Water, 11(9), 1832.
Mohammadi, A., Nayeri, D., Alambeigi, A., & Glikman, J. A. (2023). Evaluation of motorists perceptions toward collision of an endangered large herbivore in Iran. Global Ecology and Conservation, 41, e02363.
Molinari, D., Ballio, F., & Menoni, S. (2013). Modelling the benefits of flood emergency management measures in reducing damages: a case study on Sondrio, Italy. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13(8), 1913-1927.
Mondal, K., Sankar, K., & Qureshi, Q. (2013). Factors influencing the distribution of leopard in a semiarid landscape of Western India. Acta Theriologica, 58(2), 179-187.
Monterroso, P., Brito, J., Ferreras, P., & Alves, P. (2009). Spatial ecology of the European wildcat in a Mediterranean ecosystem: dealing with small radio‐tracking datasets in species conservation. Journal of Zoology, 279(1), 27-35.
Nayeri, D., Mohammadi, A., Zedrosser, A., & Soofi, M. (2022). Characteristics of natural and anthropogenic mortality of an endangered brown bear population. Journal for Nature Conservation, 70, 126288.
Nowzari, H., Hemami, M., & Behrouzi Rad, B. (2007). Habitat use by Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) in Bamoo National park during autumn and winter. Acta zoológica mexicana, 23(1), 109-121.
Pearson, R. G., Raxworthy, C. J., Nakamura, M., & Townsend Peterson, A. (2007). Predicting species distributions from small numbers of occurrence records: a test case using cryptic geckos in Madagascar. Journal of biogeography, 34(1), 102-117.
Peterson, A. T., Soberón, J., Pearson, R. G., Anderson, R. P., Martínez-Meyer, E., Nakamura, M., & Araújo, M. B. (2011). Ecological niches and geographic distributions (MPB-49). In Ecological Niches and Geographic Distributions (MPB-49): Princeton University Press.
Phillips, S. J., & Dudík, M. (2008). Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography, 31(2), 161-175.
Phillips, S. J., Anderson, R. P., & Schapire, R. E. (2006). Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological modelling, 190(3-4), 231-259.
Quirogaa, V. M., Kurea, S., Udoa, K., & Manoa, A. (2016). Application of 2D numerical simulation for the analysis of the February 2014 Bolivian Amazonia flood: Application of the new HEC-RAS version 5. Ribagua, 3(1), 25-33.
Rezaei, S., Mohammadi, A., Bencini, R., Rooney, T., & Naderi, M. (2022a). Identifying connectivity for two sympatric carnivores in human-dominated landscapes in central Iran. Plos one, 17(6), e0269179.
Rezaei, S., Mohammadi, A., Malakoutikhah, S., & Khosravi, R. (2022b). Combining multiscale niche modeling, landscape connectivity, and gap analysis to prioritize habitats for conservation of striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena). Plos one, 17(2), e0260807.
Rezaei, S., Mohammadi, A., Shadloo, S., Ranaie, M., & Wan, H. Y. (2023). Climate change induces habitat shifts and overlaps among carnivores in an arid and semi-arid ecosystem. Ecological Informatics, 77, 102247.
Sachser, F., Nopp-Mayr, U., Zohmann, M., Schweiger, A.-K., Grünschachner-Berger, V., & Immitzer, M. (2017). Searching the right tie—Expert-based vs. statistical niche modeling for habitat management at the alpine treeline ecotone. Ecological engineering, 100, 107-119.
Schulz, E., Fraas, S., Kaiser, T. M., Cunningham, P. L., Ismail, K., & Wronski, T. (2013). Food preferences and tooth wear in the sand gazelle (Gazella marica). Mammalian Biology, 78(1), 55-62.
Shalmon, B., Sun, P., & Wronski, T. (2020). Factors driving Arabian gazelles (Gazella arabica) in Israel to extinction: time series analysis of population size and juvenile survival in an unexploited population. Biodiversity and Conservation, 29(1), 315-332.
Shams-Esfandabad, B., Ahmadi, A., & Yusefi, T. (2019). Seasonal changes in distribution of suitable habitats for Persian goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Isfahan province. Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity, 3(1), 58-65.
Van Der Ree, R., Smith, D. J., & Grilo, C. (2015). Handbook of road ecology: John Wiley & Sons.
Waris, W. U. A. (2020). Climatic Changes and Their Effect on Wildlife of District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Journal of Atmospheric Science Research| Volume, 3(04).
Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Ge, W., Chen, X., Xu, H., & Guan, H. (2021). Evaluation of the impact of extreme floods on the biodiversity of terrestrial animals. Science of The Total Environment, 790, 148227.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
JWB applies the 